Methodology

Federal income tax

We use the 2024 IRS federal income tax brackets (Rev. Proc. 2023-34) and apply the standard deduction before calculating tax: $14,600 for single filers, $29,200 for married filing jointly, and $21,900 for head of household. The standard deduction is taken before applying brackets — the same method used on Form 1040.

Tax is calculated progressively across each bracket. Only income in each bracket is taxed at that bracket's rate.

FICA taxes

Social Security is 6.2% on wages up to $168,600 (2024 wage base). Medicare is 1.45% on all wages, plus an additional 0.9% on wages over $200,000 (single) or $250,000 (married filing jointly) — the Additional Medicare Tax under the ACA.

State income tax

State income tax uses a simplified effective rate for each state based on Tax Foundation 2024 data. Nine states have no income tax: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. For other states, we apply a flat effective rate approximation rather than full graduated bracket calculations.

This means state tax estimates are approximations — actual state tax can differ based on state-specific deductions, credits, and local taxes not captured here.

Limitations

• Pre-tax deductions (401k contributions, health insurance premiums, HSA contributions) are not accounted for. These reduce your taxable income and would increase your actual take-home pay.
• Local city and county income taxes are not included.
• State tax uses effective rate estimates, not full graduated state bracket calculations.
• This tool does not store any data you enter. All calculations happen in your browser.

Not tax advice

This calculator provides estimates for informational purposes only. It does not constitute tax advice. For accurate withholding, consult your payroll department or a licensed tax professional.